Essay --

Depression is a medical illness that affects a persons emotions, behavior, and thoughts. It is more than just a feeling of melancholy for a few days. If you are one of the more than 20 million individuals in the United States who has falling off, the feeling never subsides. Depression can lead to stirred up and physical issues. Typically, people with depression find it hard to go about their day-to-day activities, and may also feel like their life is not worth living. It can also affect those around you as well. It is hard to say how many people are affected by depression. However, experts say depression is approximately common is women between the ages of 15 and 30. Therefore, 70 percent of women are more likely to develop depressive symptoms throughout their lifetime than men.The two most common forms of depression are major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder. Major depressive disorder is otherwise known as major depression. Patients suffering from this disorder have a combination of symptoms that soften their ability to sleep, work, eat, study, and enjoy activities they once found ...

William Blake; The schoolboy Essay -- English Literature

William Blake The schoolboyWilliam Blake believed in freedom of speech, democracy and freelove, for these reasons he disagreed powerfully with semiformal educationand conventional teaching in both schools and churches. He believedthat this constrained people stopping them from having their ownthoughts. Blake believed that babyren who were not given a formaleducation would want to learn off their own accord making learningmore recreation and enjoyable for the child. Blake portrays these opinions inthe poem The schoolboy which he chose to bring through in the voice of theschoolboy himself, to stand up for children whos views on schoolingare rarely acknowledged. Blakes decision to use a definite obligate inthe title The schoolboy shows that the poem is a biographical pieceabout a specific schoolboy, and allows Blake to voice his own opinionsas if they were that of a school child provoking more sympathy fromthe reviewer than would simply expressing his own views, thereforemaking his opinions on formal education more persuasive.The poem uses strong themes of disposition throughout the low gear versedescribes a sense of harmony between the schoolboy and nature througha positive description of the sounds of the birds which the schoolboyawakes to hear. Pathetic fallacy is utilise relating the summer morn tothe schoolboys joy for being awoken in this way. The second versestarts with the conjunction but to link the two verses, yet show the differentiate in mood between them. This negative verse outlines thechilds dread of school and brings the reader back to reality afterthe dream-like feel to the first stanza. The line under a cruel eyeoutworn suggests that the children are exhausted by school,personif... ...is used throughout the poemreferring to the stages of a persons living as the seasons in the year,the last stanza uses this metaphor to insinuate that a personschildhood is the most important time because if they dont learn howto have fun in the spring of their life they will not know how toenjoy themselves in the summer of life. This makes the last line ofthe poem particularly effective when the blasts of wintertime appear aspeople rarely think about how the way they live their childhood willeffect their after lives, this rhetorical question makes the readercontemplate whether a formal education in an early life is worthfacing the regrets it will cause them to live with in later lifelooking back upon few happy memories. And maybe learning the joys oflife and how to live to the fullest is the most important lesson to belearned within childhood.

What was Montesquieu?s aim in writing The Spirit of the Laws? Essay

I ask a favour that I fear will non be granted it is that one not judge by a moments reading the hunt down of twenty dollar bill years, that one approve or condemn the book as a whole and not some few sentences. If one wants to seek the design of the author, one can find it only in the design of the work. (Montesquieu 1989 preface)The Spirit of the Laws took Montesquieu twenty years to write and was first published in Geneva in 1748. It was distributed freely, without the hindrance of censorship and deemed and instant success, despite negative feedback from friends to whom the manuscript was shown. After devil years and twenty-two impressions made across Europe many critics arose of his work, however this merely added to the fame of the author. Despite his critics, Montesquieu knew he had created a worthy and original work of policy-making theory expressed by the phrase of his utmost preface an offspring made without a mother. (Montesquieu 1989 preface) This suggests that Monte squieu intended to create a distinctive policy-making theory which was unlike any of his predecessors. Although he quotes famous predecessors such as Plato and Aristotle, he treats them as sources of information rather than philosophical fundamentals.The Spirit of the Laws was Montesquieus last work and undeniably over the course of twenty years he implemented what Judith Shklar suggests as his entire intellectual capital as a judge, scientist, novelist, historian, and traveller... (Shklar 1987 67) It is his work ...

The Illusion of the Good Essay -- Philosophy Philosophical Papers

The Illusion of the GoodABSTRACT The question of ethics relates to the sizeable and its contrary, evil. What ethics does with its fair game is to seek to understand it, that is, non to produce either the design of the good or the actions that fall under that concept. Thus, the question that follows is What is the good?, or strictly speaking, what is the exposition of the good? But the definition asked for, as any other definition, is necessarily related to the science of nomenclature. But language itself is a sociable phenomenon. Consequently, the definition of any concept implies the quest of the social roots of this concept. In this sense, the quest of the roots is prior to the quest of what is. Examples are taken from Platos Republic, Freuds Civilization and Its Discontents, and Schlicks Problems of Ethics to show that the good is either in the state, in the super-Ego or in society. This means that the origin of the good lies outside the good itself, or, outside ethics. Henc e, we cannot speak of the good per se, and if we do, we fall into an illusion. Q To what object does the question of ethics relate?A To the good and its contrary, evil.Q And what does ethics do with the object?A Ethics seeks to understand it, that is, not to produce neither the concept the good, nor the actions that fall under this concept.Thus, the question that seems to follow isWhat is good? Or, strictly speaking, what is the definition of good? But the definition asked for, as any other definition, is related, necessarily, to the science of language as G.E. Moore has pointed out in his book. But language, itself, is a social phenomenon. Consequently, the definition of any concept. In this sense, the quest of the social roots i... ...in internal psychological processes, and considering character as the sole enemy and as the source of evil. Not only nature is evil, but also man as long as the wave-particle duality goo/evil has been interiorized, and Homo hominy buys us is the ine vitable outcome.Nevertheless, real development ran against this illusory dichotomy. The industrial revolution in Europe was preceded by religious lively thinking and the liberation of human reason from any other authority save that of reason itself. Hence, thin revolution reveals that real development is realized with the military service of technology guided by science mastering nature for the sake of satisfying mans needs.Notes(1) S. Freud, Civilisation and its Discontents, (trans.) J. Strachey, W.W. Norton Company, Inc. 1961, pp. 71-72.(2) Schlick, Problems of Ethics, (trans.) D. Rynin, Dover Publications, 1961, pp. 90 and 91.

Internet Essay -- essays papers

InternetSpeech to Motivatea.Speech title (Tip - Should have a literary quality) The Lungs of the Earth b.Topic (Tip - narrow and adapt to audience, see ch. 5 in text) The Amazon Forestc. aim Statements (See sample W.O.R.M.S. and ch. 5 in text)1.General Purpose To persuade my audience.2.Specific Purpose To persuade my audience to do one of these things to help preserve the Amazon Forest write a letter, recycling, system and clog a organization, or/and give financial support to preserve the Amazon Forest.3.Central Idea (thesis) The Amazon Forest is of planetary Importanced.Audience epitome/Adaptations (Tip - see Chapter 4 in text refer to student samples, answer all questions in complete sentences)1.As you think of strategies to try to persuade this audience, what demographic variables in this class are you making a conscious effort to address? Explain.In preparing my speech, I have considered that 75% of them are between 19-23 and that they leave suffer the consequences in a r ecent future if the amazon forest is destroyed I have also considered that nearly all my audience lives far from the amazon forest and that they maybe disinterested because they may think that the consequences of the destruction of the Amazon Forest wont affect them. Therefore I will address conservatively that the consequences of the destruction of the amazon forest affects the entire world. Therefore I will address carefully this topic. 2.What does the audience already know about your topic that helps you form the appeals you will make? What new knowledge should this audience have by the end of your speech that you feel will help motivate them to do what you take? (Tip - Answer all questi... ... However, yet 65% of the Amazon forest is preserved. Therefore, not only one of us, but each one of us can still do something to help preserve what remain of the biggest biodiversity of the world, the Amazon Forest.Bibliography (Tip - follow rules in Handbook Bibliography Tips, p. 27-2 8 three (3) credible sources minimum attach sources)Bode, Thilo.Greenpeace Launches Global Campaign to pull through Amazon. The Planet Ark Page. 02 of Jun. of 1999. * http//www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory*.Faeth, P. Briefing on Solutions for the Amazon. The Greenpeace Homepage.15 of Septemper of 1998. * http//www.greenpeace.org/forests/brazil/amabrief1.html*Miller, K. and L. Tangley. 1991. Trees of Life Saving Tropical forests and Their Biological Wealth. Beacon Press, Boston.Sizer,N.1996. The future of Rain Forests A Global Issue.WRI, Washigton ,D.C.

Internet Essay -- essays papers

InternetSpeech to Motivatea.Speech title (Tip - Should have a literary quality) The Lungs of the Earth b. exit (Tip - narrow and adapt to audience, see ch. 5 in text) The Amazon Forestc.Purpose Statements (See sample W.O.R.M.S. and ch. 5 in text)1.General Purpose To persuade my audience.2. specialised Purpose To persuade my audience to do one of these things to jockstrap preserve the Amazon Forest write a letter, recycling, form and support a organization, or/and give financial support to preserve the Amazon Forest.3.Central Idea (thesis) The Amazon Forest is of Global Importanced.Audience Analysis/Adaptations (Tip - see Chapter 4 in text refer to student samples, answer exclusively questions in complete sentences)1.As you think of strategies to try to persuade this audience, what demographic variables in this severalize are you making a conscious effort to address? Explain.In preparing my speech, I have considered that 75% of them are between 19-23 and that they will suffer th e consequences in a recent future if the amazon plant is destroyed I have also considered that nearly all my audience lives far from the amazon forest and that they maybe disinterested because they may think that the consequences of the destruction of the Amazon Forest wont affect them. Therefore I will address carefully that the consequences of the destruction of the amazon forest affects the entire world. Therefore I will address carefully this topic. 2.What does the audience already know about your topic that helps you form the appeals you will slang? What new knowledge should this audience have by the end of your speech that you feel will help motivate them to do what you ask? (Tip - Answer all questi... ... However, still 65% of the Amazon forest is preserved. Therefore, not only one of us, but each one of us can still do something to help preserve what remain of the biggest biodiversity of the world, the Amazon Forest.Bibliography (Tip - follow rules in Handbook Bibliogra phy Tips, p. 27-28 three (3) credible sources minimum attach sources)Bode, Thilo.Greenpeace Launches Global Campaign to Save Amazon. The orbiter Ark Page. 02 of Jun. of 1999. * http//www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory*.Faeth, P. Briefing on Solutions for the Amazon. The Greenpeace Homepage.15 of Septemper of 1998. * http//www.greenpeace.org/forests/brazil/amabrief1.html*Miller, K. and L. Tangley. 1991. Trees of Life Saving Tropical forests and Their Biological Wealth. Beacon Press, Boston.Sizer,N.1996. The future of Rain Forests A Global Issue.WRI, Washigton ,D.C.

Product Level Planning

Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Market analysis 3 SWOT Analysis 4-7 Objectives 7 grocerying Strategy 8 Action Program 9 Financial Projection 10 Feedback & Control 10 Conclusion 11 References 11 Executive estival Cement Industry is highly important segment of Bangladeshs Industrial sphere of influence & Plays a vital role in socio-economic festering.Although cement manufacturing of Bangladesh has witnessed its ups & downwards in recent past but in last decade it has recovered & now its a self-sufficient industry of Bangladesh not yet fulfilling domestic needs of Bangladesh also exporting a huge amount of cement to other countries, bringing foreign reserves & help in up lifting Bangladeshs GDP. Bangladesh is currently operating at their maximum subject due to the boom in commercial & industrial construction within Bangladesh.In this report I have selected Anchor cement, Olympic Cement Ltd (OCL) of Khansons Group simply called gray cement & we entrust describe how they d o product planning for that? Khansons Group has extended its industrial arna by putting-up a clinker grinding cement plant named as Olympic Cement Ltd. The plant is located at Rupatoli, Barisal all in a row along with its textile industries. The finished product (cement) has been branded as Anchor & the same has become popular in the local market. This cement communicate commenced its initial production at 800 tpd and gradually show upgrowthd the production to the level of 1,600 tpd.Olympic Cement Ltd (OCL) is one & only cement factory which has targeted to meet the entire beg of cement in Southern Bengal. As a result, OCL has concentrated its sales on a soaring trend by increasing production volume. OCL is maintaining the written report of its quality product and aiming at the extended project in days to come. Current Market Situation Overall Market Situation Bangladesh cement industry is the 40th largest market in the world. There argon 70+ cement factories in Bangladesh and daily production capacity is 16. 687 Million MT.In January 2012, Bangladeshs Export promotional material Bureau released data confirming that cement exports had witnessed a 21% increase in the first seven months of the current fiscal year (July 2011 January 2012). The boost in the cement sector is because of the rising construction activity in the country & increasing development expenditure by the govt. Due to this the sales of cement sector leave behind also rise every year. Product Situation Since Cement is a specialized product, requiring sophisticated infrastructure & production location, so, Most of the cement industries in Bangladesh ar located near/within a river side that are rich in clay.Iron & mineral capacity so Anchor cement is primed(p) near to the bank of river Kirton Khola. Anchor cement installed capacity is 1,600 tpd at present with the turnover of 50 crore in a year. Competitive Situation In competitory situation we will describe all the competitors of Anch or Cement producing gray cement. There are 70 + firms in the market along with Anchor Cement. both these companies are victimisation different marketing tactics to grape as much market partake as possible but they are playing like a cartel under the tree of APCMA.They are producing same quality of cement with all most same price and features thats wherefore competition in the market is very tough for local as well as foreign market. All are using same intensity & penetration strategies to cover major portion of the market. Some are using apostrophize leadership strategy but due to cartel act appearance they are not getting the target results that they want to achieve. Currently Crown cement is the market leader while Anchor cement is a niche in the national market but it is the leader in the local market of Barisal & southern part of Bangladesh. Distribution SituationAnchor Cement companion uses different channels of distributions to transfer the gray cement from social c lub to the different part of Bangladesh. ACC Whole Sellers Retailor Customer ACC Retailors Customer ACC Customer ACC Regional Offices w/s Retailors Macro-Environmental Situation Macro environmental factors directly or indirectly effect the production of the company & its market. Macro- Environmental factors are the factors that are not in the operate on of the company. These factors are.. 1. Political 2. Law & order situation 3. Cultural values 4. Technological change . Demographic trends 6. Economic Condition 7. Inflation Opportunity & ignore Analysis After completing the market analysis now we will do analysis of opportunities & issues for the ACC. Opportunity is a chance of progress or emanation that is available in the market & the company has to avail it for the progress and profitability while issues are the weakness or threat for the company to avoid or settled down. For this purpose we have to do SWOT analysis of ACC. Strength of ACC Strengths are the internal posit ive factors of advantage that a company possesses. Fol woefuling is the specialization of ACC. Installed Capacity Installed capacity of company is 16. 687 Million MT daily & they are producing 6007. 32 MT per annum so they displace exceed the production easily by proper implementing their marketing mix strategies & it will directly increase profits of the company. oRaw Material Anchor Cement lodge is situated near the bank of the river kirtonkhola. So they can easily avail the huge reserve of raw materials with a very low cost as compare to other competitors as their cost of material is high. o exalted Quality of ACC Quality of ACC is much better than the standard set by Bangladesh & importers.Quality of production is better than most of the competitors in the market. oCheap Labor They are using cheap labor market of Bangladesh which is strength of them & due to this their price is low as compare to other compotators. oGood Govt. Policies Local & federal govts. Policies are suppo rtive & favorable to the cement sector. They are getting many benefits in term of electricity etc from BD govt. So over all ACC is enjoying good environment created by Government. Weakness of ACC Weaknesses are the internal negative factors of a company that should be avoided or to be controlled.Following are the negative factors of ACC. oNot Utilization of Full Capacity ACC is not utilizing its full capacity of production of gray cement. They can get up more(prenominal) per annum so not utilizing their full capacity is also their disadvantage which they should convert it into opportunity. oFuel & Electricity Charges ACC cost comprises more than 50% costs of fuel & electricity. So they should minimize these expenses as much as they can. It can really help them in uplifting their market share & growth & profit as well. They can convert their system or can generate their own electricity by investing in this sector. precaution ACC major boards of directors are from the same family which is also a negative factor of them. So they should introduce competent personnels in the company for the growth. o despatch Charges Freight or transportation charges to other parts of the country are also a problem for them which should be settled down as soon as possible. They should minimize their expenses to avail greater markets present in other parts of Bangladesh. Opportunities for ACC Opportunities are chances for progress or advancement that is available in the market and the company has to avail it for the progress and profitability.These are positive external factors. Following are the opportunities available for ACC. oGovernment Development Expenditure Govt is spending huge amount on development projects like roadways, schools, hospitals, dams & infrastructure etc. ACC can avail these opportunities by responding on time to these projects. oConstruction of Big projects Recently there are many big projects are going on Bangladesh like construction of Jamuna future pa rk, many high rise buildings etc, also in nationwide & in Barisal.ACC should explore all these opportunities to increase its market share. oDemand of Bangladeshi Cement Recently Bangladeshi cement demand is increasing day by day in foreign markets so ACC can improve its foreign market share. This will be very favorable & profitable for them. Threats for ACC Threats are the negative factors that are available in the external environments. These are unhidden threats that are waiting for & company should be ready or prepared to tickle down all these threats for their existence & survival. Following are the threats available for ACC. High Energy Prices Energy prices are constantly increasing in Bangladesh & worldwide which is directly affecting the profitability of ACC because major portion of cost consists of fuel & energy expenses so they should find out alternative source of energy to minimize the cost of goods. oHigh level of Taxes & Custom duty High level of cost & practise duty are affecting its profitability. So govt. should take constructive steps for the development of the industries. oCompetitors There are 70+ firms in cement industry which mark the competition very tough.Each firm is striving to get as much share as they can and they are using different tactics to transcend their sales. So, ACC should take proper steps for its growth while taking into consideration all the Competitors. oPolitical Instability It is also a main threat for ACC because it brings changes in laws & regulation accordingly. Objectives After analyzing all the factors now we will set the objectives or targets we can say, for ACC that is going to be achieved in the next financial year of the company. Our objectives should be ? particularised ?Measurable ?Achievable ?Realistic ?Time bound There are 2 kinds of objectives which are Financial Objectives Marketing Objectives Financial Objectives Financial objectives are related with the financial performance of the company or sim ply objectives that relate to finance. Following are the financial objectives that we can set for ACC for 2013. ?Profit after taxes should be 60 crore ?Cash flow should be 10% high Marketing Objectives Financial objectives should be convertible to marketing objectives. Marketing objectives are related to market or overall industry. Following are the marketing objectives of ACC. Sales should be 50% high Exports should be 40% Average price should be up to 450 pgSales of 5,00,000 oodles should be achieved in 2013 Expand the number of dealers Market share should be up to 5% Marketing Strategies Strategies are the game plan or road map to achieve the objectives set by the company by utilizing its resources. Following are the marketing strategies that should be used oNew Markets New markets in outside & inner of the country should be achieved. oDistribution outlets Distribution outlets or big distributors must be located in all the targeted markets. oAdvertisement 2% budget should be al located for advertisement driving on bill boards & certain media channel. Low pricing strategy Low pricing strategy should be adopted as compared to competitors. oAlliance Alliances should be made with distributors & realtors in important markets & preference should be given to them. oSales force Sale force or sales agents should also be hired in remote areas with 5-8% commission. oMarket search 10% Budget should be allocated to market research to drive in competitors, customer behavior & new markets. oLower cost of goods strategy Cost of the cement should be low down to earn maximum profit Action Programs Marketing strategies should be supported with action programs or day to day plans.Each strategy should be overturned down in to small programs or action that can easily be implemented. It tells us that which marketing strategy is to be completed by whom, when how & what will be the cost of that? ?Sales discussion section have to do 25 crore sales after every 4 months. ?Produc tion department have to produce 0. 25 million tons after every 4 months. ?Purchase department should purchase furnace oil & raw materials 5% less as compared to old year. ?Management should reduce unproductive expenses 10% as compared to last year. ?Other incomes should be increased up to 10 crore as compared to last year. Marketing department should achieve their target within given budget on the basis of six months. Financial Projections Following are the overall projection for year 2013. In millionsIncrease Sales500060% Cgs (Cost of goods sold)(3200)36% Gross Profit120080% Other Expenses18010% Other Income2040% Profit Before Taxes800 Taxes200 Net Profit60020% Feedback & Control In the last stage of product level planning we will consider does the company actually achieved its objectives or not. In this step we will compare the actual results with the standards set out there in the planning stage.According to the preceding(prenominal) results & figures ACC has achieved all the t argets & goals efficiently & effectively. They have properly implemented the planning as compared to previous year so they have achieved the level of performance what they want. Even more fruitful results have been achieved. Usually, Anchor Cement Company carries out three types of controlling strategies which are as under.. oAnnual Plan Control ACC usually do size up or check up at the end of year that whether that have achived their annual goals/objectives or not regarding sales, profits, market share & growth etc.They want to know the gap between actual & standard, if found any & thence will fix it down in the upcoming period. If they have performed much better then they watch out the reasons behind that to implement forever in the organization. oAudit Control Internal Audit is carried out by the internal auditors. External Audit is carried out by external auditors. oStrategic Control Strategic Control is the step of the last section. In strategic control usually they evaluate w hether the Anchor Cement Company marketing strategy is appropriate to the market condition or not.If not they do Changes in it to make implementable in the market. They change their strategy according to the market situation that changes so rapidly. Conclusion From the above analysis we can easily conclude that how a company usually does their product or marketing planning. I pick Anchor Cement Company collect data from different sources (mainly from web) & then make the palling for them accordingly. All the above discussion gives us a fowls eye view regarding a good product planning that a marketer can do. References http//www. khansonsgroup. com www. scribd. com Marketing Management- Philip Kotler, 11th edition

News Channels Essay

With Indias growing importance in international strategical and economic thinking, password about the country is becoming more critical to the world. India alone accounts for over a billion of to the south Asias 1.3 billion people. The sheer mass gets news.Changes in the worldwide balance of power, Indias economic rise, and confederation Asias continuing political and social ferment, are attracting worldwide attention. In addition, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Maldives are on the global radar for their political developments, social upheavals, festering insurgencies, military actions and environmental challenges. Why IANS?The Indo-Asian intelligence supporter (IANS) was established in 1986, initially to serve as an education bridge between India and its thriving diaspora in North America. Today it is a full-fledged, 24 by 7 agencies putting out the real-time news from India, in the south Asia and news of interest to this function arou nd the world.IANS serves several hundred outlets across the entire media spectrum, in India and around the world. It performs a whole range of other teaching services as tumefy. Experienced media professionals drive the New Delhi-based group.IANS is divided into six Strategic Business Units (SBUs) IANS position, IANS Hindi, IANS Publishing, IANS Business Consultancy, IANS Solutions, and IANS Mobile. A distinguished professional with strong celestial orbit expertise heads each.Its client list includes a range of print state-supportedations, television news channels, websites, ethnic publications abroad, government ministries, foreign missions, private sector players, and multilateral institutions.The explosive growth of the Indian media sector, especially audio-visual and new media, augurs well for reliable, independent and professional newswholesalers like IANS. News ServiceThe News Service, in both English and Hindi, forms the heart of the IANS operation. It presents objectiv e, user-friendly news with a global perspective. This makes it the preferred, contented provider and knowledge resource on India, Indians and South Asia.IANS breaks through often cliched and stereotype reporting about this part of the world. Its talented team of journalists and contributors some of the best in India receives a steady output of diverse, well-researched news and backgrounders, features, interviews, analyses and commentaries.Subjects span politics, foreign policy, strategic affairs, corporate affairs, science, and health. Aviation, energy, technology, environment, the arts, literature, entertainment, social trends, human interest, religion and sports are also extensively covered.Given collaborations with several international news organizations, IANS is often used by media as a one-stop source of all news both domestic and international. Industry, media circles and government departments depend on it. Officials use it for policy publicity and public diplomacy. It is also a content source for our other SBUs. In short, it is capable of meeting almost all information needs. ( weathervanesite www.ians.in) IANS PublishingIANS Publishing represents mature capabilities with top-end editorial, domain and delivery skills. It provides clients postgraduate quality, effective communications products at optimum cost. Publishing has been a key driver of IANS growth.Its strengths are editor in chiefial functionsContent management, including revision tracking and error elimination Product creation, page making, design and productionTranslation servicesProducts for Internet and new media.IANS Publishing has harnessed the latest communication and transmission technology to produce entire outsourced newspapers, periodicals and magazines. Clients are in the US, Canada, Britain and the Gulf, besides India. Publications are in English, Indian and foreign languages. (See www.ianspublishing.com) IANS Media ConsultancyIANS provides comprehensive and integrated b rand and media strategies for corporates and major(ip) institutions. Under this IANS undertakes to enhance public profiles of clients through a variety of activities. These include increased publicity of their activities and achievements through professionally written media releases public relations activities high-quality house journals and publications on a roll in the hay basis and corporate brand identity manuals for easy identification and retention.IANS also creates or revamps websites and updates and maintains them. It is also in a position to write regular summaries/ narrow down papers on subjects of interest to clients that require high level contacts in industry and government. IANS SolutionsIANS Solutions provides all the answers for developing an Internet strategy. It blends design, technology and marketing expertise to create a Web presence delivering outstanding results. Talented website designers collaborate with our technology group to create personalized, graphical ly superior, functionally sound websites. IANS MobileIANS was one of the commencement news agencies to harness cellular technology to launch Content2Mobile operations on both the news and information fronts. This service is available in English and Hindi. IANS diction ServicesIn 1995 IANS started a Hindi Service. Today it virtually operates around the clock, providing quality content in Indias most-understood language. Its subscriber base encompasses all spark advance Hindi newspapers, websites and other news outlets.In 1998 IANS broke new ground with the launch of an Arabic Service for theArab world. Its website www.alhindelyom.com helps bridge the information gap with an important region hosting a large Indian and South Asian population. IANS CorporateIANS is the brand name of IANS India Pvt. Ltd., an independent and integrated media company with no affiliation with any major business house, political or ideological group. The media group is driven by professionals with long years of own and with a collective vision of carving a niche in quality of content and product in a media scenario that is getting increasingly crowded with new names entering the print, electronic and Web space.In many ways, IANS is a trailblazer in the work it is doing.The key people driving IANS areTarun Basu is the Chief Editor and Director of the Indo-Asian News Service (IANS), Indias only private and independent news place and content provider on multimedia platforms. Basu is one of the founders of IANS. He formed the nucleus of IANS when he left a lucrative job as India correspondent of DPA, the German Press Agency, in the late eighties to set up the bureau for the well known India Abroad newspaper in New York the first multiedition ethnic Indian newspaper in North America. That was the first attempt to begin a two-way information flow between India and the growing and influential Indian diaspora in North America.The seed sown at that time blossomed into the India Abroad N ews Service which, in a subsequent incarnation that gave it a pan-South Asian dimension, became Indo-Asian News Service, the present day IANS the premier news service covering India, Indians and South Asia and events of interest to India and the 27 million Indian diaspora spread all over the world. Basus aim has been to make IANS an internationally known and respected news and content supplier on both traditional and new media platforms, an information resource on India and South Asia and things of interest to India and Indians worldwide.Today, IANS is more than just a news agency its a publishing outsource, a multimedia content provider with auxiliary services catering togrowth sectors like education and entertainment, besides being a communication consultant to institutions and companies. Basu has travelled all over the world and has been a regular invitee on the Indian prime ministers and presidents media delegations in visits to other countries for the past 15 years. He has c overed major news developments and international events involving India and South Asia. He has been a special invitee to the World News Agency Summit in Spain, the World Media Summit in China, the Beijing Olympic Games and the World Cup Football in South Africa. Basu also founded the International Media Institute of India, a multimedia training school that conducts media literacy and communication workshops for educational, research and other institutions.K.P.K. Kutty, Director and Chief Mentor, is former chief editor and chief executive of UNI and has been in the profession for 42 years. He has been involved in production of TV news programmes and documentaries too.Shibi Alex Chandy, Director is also Group Editor in charge of its contract publishing division. He has worked with several leading newspapers, television stations and magazines.Arvind Padmanabhan, Group Business Editor, has over 13 years of experience in journalism, covering virtually all media streams news agency, news paper, magazine, radio, television and the internet.M.R. Narayan Swamy, Chief News Editor, has been a journalist since 1978, starting with UNI. He was with AFP for 13 years, paper on Indian politics and Sri Lankan affairs. He joined IANS in April 2001.P.S. Mitra, Technology Head, is the man who keeps IANS extensive network ticking over. He also oversees IANS Solutions, the companys web Solutions division.

How Significant a Role Do Multinational Corporations (Mncs) Play in Today’s Uk Economy in Terms of Their Impact on Employment Relations (Er) and Labour Conditions?

How significant a role do multi content corporations (MNCs) play in todays UK saving in terms of their bear upon on recitation dealings (ER) and labour conditions? This is the question the paper attempts to evaluate through drawing on academic literature and empirical evidence from the 2004 Wers survey. The first naval division profiles MNCs in the UK, currently dominated by US and German firms. Following this, thither is a brief analysis of employment relations in the UK. The ordinal section reviews literature from leading commentators on the subject, highlighting contrasting views and evidence of remote IR and ER applys.The fourth section looks at get a line factors that cultivate the way labour is managed within MNCs subsidiaries. The country of origin effect, the home country effect, the global dominance effect and a global interaction effect as identified by Edwards and Ferner. This is important to assess to what extent MNCs use these factors in the management of labou r. Finally, a conclusion leave be drawn and a amity whether MNCs have diffused home country employment relations practices to their UK foreign subsidiaries and if they have affected labour conditions for the UK workforce.Introduction Foreign direct investment (FDI) as a per centumage of GDP (Ferner Industrial) in the UK is the highest of any developed country in the world. Since the deregulation of the labour market in the 1980s the UK has seen a stick out in foreign owned companies. According to the WERS 2004 survey, 19 per cent of private sector workplaces with 10 or more employees had some degree of foreign ownership, an increment of 4 per cent on the 1998 survey. Similarly, a rise from 8 per cent to12 per cent of companies were predominantly foreign owned and controlled. For what reason do MNCs choose to make up subsidiaries in the UK?Could it be to devour advantage of the nature of the 1 open and deregulated subject line of descent system and transfer home country ER practices? Marg art Thatcher and the conservative giving medication came to occasion in 1979 and in favour of capital markets rather than labour markets legislations were put in place to irresoluteen the motive of yokes. The content business system has changed dramatically resulting in an institutionally nerveless British system. These factors have altered the employment kindred, weakening the statutory and long established pledge for collective representation.A small proportion of the UK workforce is now c everyplaceed by collective bar get oning (McDonalds) in the employment relationship, although remains the principal design of pay setting (Primarily in the public sector). Union membership has decreased from 13. 2 million members at its peak in 1979 to 6. 7 million in 2005 and union density1 has declined from 32 per cent in 1995 to 29 per cent in 2005. Commentators suggest that MNCs are an important source of innovative work practices, much(prenominal) as a specialist HRM functions.Moreover, that they are able to transfer business models from parent companies, the country of origin effect to UK subsidiaries with relative ease. This has been described as a antecedent diffusion of practices. However, evidence suggests that some MNCs, hooked on their country of origin, will adhere to the host country practices even though they conflict with the parent companies policies and practices. This will be explored in more detail further into the paper. The following section of the paper will profile MNCs in the UK.Profile of MNCs MNCs are not unvarying but are now heterogeneous and are spread across sectors, although are dominant in the fast food and manufacturing industries in the UK. At the 1 The unionised workforce expressed as a percentage of potential membership 2 turn of the century there were 18000 foreign subsidiaries (Contemporary Employment traffic) direct in Britain, with 5000 of these employing more than 1000 employees. They stem from the US, Europe and Asia. The US is dominant with 25 per cent of total FDI to the UK followed by Germany (Bach) with 21 per cent.Foreign subsidiaries employ 18 per cent (Warwick) of the workforce in the takings sector in the UK and the incidence of foreign-ownership of UK workplaces has risen since 1998 (Wers 2004) by approximately a quarter. They slant to have commonality it its products and operate across its subsidiaries with 52 per cent (Warwick) having an international product. It could be argued that for these reasons they have significant economic and policy-making power and the potential to significantly impact UK employment relations and labour conditions.Employment Relations and Labour conditions in the UK Throughout the 1980s the Thatcher government and the neo-liberal labour movement stripped unions of their power, collapsing the traditional IR pluralist system below the previous labour governments. Historically unions played a powerful role in the UK economy, with the e mphasis on centralised collective bargaining over the employment relationship. Union recognition and membership has since been on the decline. Although, sectorial conjures from manufacturing industries were unionization was predominant to an increase in the services sector is a possible conclusion.Moreover, the increase in small enterprises were unions find it hard to organise is an other possible answer. It is evident that unionisation in the UK has lost its appeal and there is a marked shift towards alternative means by firms to regulate the employment relationship. The emphasis is shifting away from the pluralist view to the unitarist view on the role of the individual. Successive Labour government under Tony Blair 3 supported the regulative reforms of the conservative government, although amended the union recognition procedure.This stipulates that unions essential be recognised in a workplace if there is a majority consensus of employees. The UK is now under EU directives, a bout recently the information and consultative directive (ICE) which came into force in 2005. This stipulates that companies with more than 1000 employees must establish a works council. This gives the workers rights to information and consultation on company decisions. Employees are also protected by many employment legislations in areas such(prenominal) as discrimination, unfair dismissal, minimum wage and working time regulations, directives from both the EU and the UK.With the general trend away from union involvement and collective agreements there has been a rise in union substitution strategies in the form of HRM policies in domestic firms. ER in Foreign Subsidiaries The following section reviews business systems of different countries that have foreign subsidiaries in the UK and their stance towards trade unions and practices and policies on employment relations. The US is similar to the UK with respect to the national business system. The framework for union representation in the US is weak and the support for collective bargaining is declining.Throughout the 1990s unionization rates have declined rapidly from 30 to14 percent (Policies) in US firms leading to widespread non-unionism and anti-unionism. Do US firms then transfer this stance to their subsidaireis? One argument is that many US MNCs, especially in the services sector, with low paid, low skilled workers will use strong union avoidance strategies, the low road approach to industrial relations. McDonalds is a key example of this with union membership (MCDonalds) bordering at zero. UK 4 unions find it impossible to organise in the company.According to Royle, a possible reason is the strength of the incorporate culture disseminated by management. The chief executive of McDonalds stated that unions do not bring much to the equation of the companys philosophy of service and employee need. To many US MNCs unions are seen as conflicting with their corporate strategy, the philosophy geared toward s shareholder value. This gives them the competitive edge in terms of financial markets in the ever increasing globalising world. However, this has only been observed in certain sectors and it is argued that strong anti-unionism is only existent in few MNCs.If it is existent then exploitative HR policies are commonplace (Policies) which is a Bleak house model. Non-union US MNCs use innovative union substitution polices, introducing incentives such as favourable pay and conditions to gain commitment from employees. US firms are characterised by centralised decision making and formalised procedures stemming from the HQ. There is a high degree of employee participation involving direct discourse and individualised HR function and pay is predominantly performance related. In contrast to the US and UK, Germany has a strong institutional framework to protect the rights of workers. incarnate bargaining in firms is under the force of the law (Royle) and 80 to 90 per cent of the workforce i s covered by collective agreements. Conversely to the US, German MNCs tend to adapt to their host country environment, not recognising unions in their subsidiaries, which is divergent to their home country practices. 5 Influences on Labour Management According to Ferner and Edwards there are key influences that affect the way labour is managed in MNCs. Firstly, the country of origin effect as menti onenessd earlier. This is when the MNC exerts its parent companys management style to their foreign subsidiaries.This contends that MNCs transfer ER practices to subsidiaries in order to converge the firms practices and policies across international boundaries. This comes under the convergence theory, were globalisation is pressurising companies to standardize best practice policies across its international operations. According to Bach, the pace of convergence is increasing with growth of international trade and integrated financial systems, resulting in the erosion of distinctive nation al differences in the field of ER and industrial relations.This theory is argued by Traxler, who states that national differences remain intact and national variances will always occur due to differing cultural approaches. This is important as it determines the way employees are managed. Autonomy is not left to the subsidiary and policy making is in the hands of the parent company. This is evident in the report by Warwick that identified 61 per cent of MNCs having a worldwide philosophy on the management of employees.With a loosely regulated framework in the UK it is possible for MNCs do forward diffuse certain practices and are able to circumvent the national business system if it is in their interests. The characteristics of a flexible workforce and the ease of dismissal in the UK is an example. This is taking advantage of the host countrys business system. Whether this is a positive or negative impact is dependant on the parent companys country of origin, the culture of manageme nt and the sector of operations and of course their strategic objectives.The extent to which they are able to impact on UK ER through the country of origin effect is questionable. US MNCs 6 are the most likely to diffuse home country practices such as union avoidance and antunionism, as evidence suggests. It is argued that US MNCs will challenge traditional pluralist industrial relations. Although, it is evident that union recognition has been declining in the UK over the last twenty years so to suggest that US MNCs are at the forefront of this change is unsound. Companies are finding alternative methods of managing the employment relationship without the need for intermediaries (unions).A further example of forward diffusion is that of Japanese work practices transferred in the 1980s. Renowned for the innovative work practice of lean production which was successfully transferred to their UK subsidiaries in the manufacturing industry. The host country effect is when the MNC is influ enced by the country of operation. Certain factors attribute to the extent to which subsidiaries keep abreast host countries practices. The regulatory framework of the UK is weak compared to its European counterparts so therefore, open to MNCs devising policies to suit their strategies and the environment.The global dominance effect is associated with how dominant the MNC is and its country of origin in the global economy. It may each enable or constrain (Edwards, Ferner) MNCs to implement ER practices to foreign operations. This has an effect alongside the home country effect. The US is dominant in the global economy thence its practices of ER are seen as influential and innovative, as did the Japanese form of work organisation. There is evidence to suggest that European countries will adopt such characteristics of this liberal model in order to compete effectively in the ever increasing competitive global economy.The US has brought specialised HRM practices, such as recruitment and training and implemented them across foreign sites. 7 The global integration effect is when the MNC is globally integrated on their policies thus becomes one powerful global company. The best practice to standardise all operations in order to meet their oibjectives. Conclusion It is apparent that MNCs have the economic and political power to impact UK employment relations and labour conditions. Foreign direct investment is crucial in ensuring a progressive economy and creating employment.Margaret Thatcher favoured capital thus deregulated the labour market to encourage FDI. The institutional framework of the UK is now weak and open to the transfer of MNCs IR policies. There is evidence that foreign companies will take on union avoidance strategies but there are few that openly challenge the UK IR system. A possible reason to adhere to the national system could be to keep the peace with employees and to maintain good community relations within the areas they operate.The UK envir onment is such that models of unionism, non-unionism and the Bleak house exist in MNCs in the UK and that a cross fertilization of these strategies are forming. There is little impact on the UK framework for IR as it is already evolving from collectivism since the 1980s towards individualism. Although, there is an increase in the services sector were MNCs are dominant and non-unionism is the preferred strategy. The global dominance effect is a crucial factor on the impact of employment relations in the UK. This is closely related to the country of origin effect and global integration effect.The US at present is the most dominant. The main emphasis is now geared towards the shareholder and a short-termist view is the leading strategy. This is impacting on the labour force as MNCs will use their power to dismiss employees if 8 the strategy is focused on shareholders returns. ER is fairly regulated in the UK, workers are protected by legislation, although MNCs do have the power to circ umvent some areas. However, there is evidence that they have been influential in terms of HRM in the UK. There impact can be seen in other foreign subsidiaries and indigenous MNCs in creating specialised HR.The main issue is the speed of globalisation and firms will want to compete in countries that have a weak institutional framework, as capital is favoured compared to labour. It will be difficult for countries to keep their national identities with regard to their IR and ER framework. 9 References Alpin, C, Kersley, B (2006) Inside the work Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey, Routledge Chapter 2, 11. Clark, I and Almond, P (2004) Dynamism and embeddedness towards a lower road? British subsidiaries of American multinationals.Industrial Relations ledger (IRJ), 356. Edwards, T. , Ferner, F, Bach, S (2002) The renewed American Challenge a review of employment practice in US multinationals. Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 33 No. 2, pp. 94-108. Edwards, T and Ferner, A (2005) Managing Human Resources in Multinational Companies. Managing Human Resources Personnel Management in Transition (4th Edn), Oxford Blackwell, Chapter 3. Ferner, A (2003) Foreign Multunationals and Industrial Relations in Britain, in Edwards, P (2003) Industrial Relations Theory and Practice (2nd Edn), Oxford Blackwell, Chapter 4.Ferner, A et al (2005) Policies on Union Representaion in US Multinationals in the UK Between Micro-Politics and Macro-Institutions, British Journal of Industrial Relations, 434. Lee, E (1997) Globalisation and Labour Standards a review of the issues, International Labour Review, 1362. Michael Muller-Camen, Phil Almond, Patrick Gunnigle, Javier Quintanilla, Anne Tempel (2001) Between Home and Host Country Multinationals and Employment Relations in Europe Industrial RelIations Journal 32 (5) , 435448 doi10. 1111/1468-2338. 00210 Royle, T (1999) The reluctant bargainers?McDonalds, unions and pay determination in Germany and the UK. IRJ, 30 2. Tuselmann, H. , McDonald, F. , Heise, A. (2002). Globalisation, nationality of ownership and employee relations German multinationals in the UK. Personnel Review, Vol. 31 No. 1, pp. 27-43. Williams, S and Adam-Smith, D (2006) Contemporary Employment Relations A Critical Introduction, Oxford, Oxford University Press, pp 61-82. http//www. berr. gov. uk/files/file11423. pdf http//www2. warwick. ac. uk/fac/soc/wbs/projects/mncemployment/conference_papers/ voice_in_mncs. pdf http//www. certoffice. org/annualReport/index. cfm? pageID=annual 10 11

How to Succeed in College

THE COMPLETE SUMMARY PART I GETTING ORIENTED ACADEMICALLY Chapter 1 fashioning the Academic Adjustment to College. 1. 1Comparisons amid high school and college. In college you will be more academic tout ensembley independent and responsible to yourself because you make to make conclusiveness for yourself in order to achieve great academic performance. as well that, you whitethorn have a lot of operation penury to be done when you get in the college. In college, class face-offs is a few(prenominal)er and students is accordn the freedom to practice develop sense of responsibility.Students in college too need to take initiative to make a contact with instructor to make the instructor get to know you. 1. 2Reasons for Attending College. You whitethornbe in college to earn degree to become more educated, to become manifest for a particular job or to make money after earning the degree. You may wish to count on of earning a degree as the practical and agile bycome of you r college familiarity. But, acquiring an education is an important and satisfying achievement in itself. Try to see these goals as complementary rather than conflicting. 1. 3The Purpose of College.Acquiring an education tummy enhance your self-esteem. To the consequence that the degree represents effort and achievement, a college degree potbelly instal you the satisfaction of acquiring knowledge and developing new skills. Education provides the delegacy that lav change the way you think, process information and perceive the universe of discourse. 1. 4College as a System. The basic regardment for earning a college degree is to complete the number of impute needed. Be sure you empathise the claimments of your degree program, understand your college policies for first year students.If you dont understand a policy, consult with academic advisor. A college to a fault develops a core curriculum. Most educators agree that students should study near intimacy in addition to thei r argona of supernumeraryization to broaden their expertise. 1. 5Important of Grades. Making good of grade is a tag of effort, a sign of achievement. There are excessively other requirement that includes in grade which is attendance, class participation and written work. If you find yourself getting down(p) in many variants, seek help immediately. 1. 6Calculating Your Grade Point Average (GPA).To calculate your GPA , you convert your letter grades to numbers. These numbers are stipulated by your college. In just about college, an A = 4. 00, a B = 3. 00, a C = 2. 00, a D = 1. 00 and a F = 0. 00. college calculates pluses (+) and minuses (-) differently. 1. 7Final Course Grades. You moldiness ensure that you understand how individually instructor computes the final grade. subscribe, if its non clear, how more than weight is assigned to severally of the following written assignments, class participation, quizzes and tests, midterm and final examinations and any special proj ect. Chapter 2 Managing Your Time. 2. 1Using Time Effectively.To begin making more amentiferous use of your season, you need to know that not solitary(prenominal) how you have been spending it, but similarly how you want to use your time more hard-hittingly. It is important that you be clear in your mind about what occasions are important to you and how you can find time to devote to them. 2. 2Changing Your Attitude Toward Time. To help you get through difficulty in making time for both the things you have to do, get word to conceive why you came to college and prompt yourself of your goals and what is required to achieve them. Realize too, periods in your life when your free time seem minimal will eventually end. . 3Developing Strategies to Use Your Time Productively. First, you must scheduling your time by arrange a master schedule of everything you do. It help you to adjust fixed routines. You can develop schedules for different purposes and different stretches of time. You can split by creating a monthly calendar. By that, you can get a closer view and remind yourself of which obligations are imminent and which remain a few weeks away. 2. 4The Problem of Procrastination. To procrastinate means to delay sometimes, to delay to the point of not doing the thing at all.People tend to procrastinate because they dont enjoy the thing or you afraid of failing at something. Besides that, you may procrastinate because you are disorganized. 2. 5Techniques for Avoiding Procrastination. Breaking a large t require down into smaller, more g overnable parts is a practical and useful approach. Let your interest and your momentum carry you. Besides that, you can reward yourself for completing tasks given. You also can renounce extra time by plan to finish the task given before the deadline and then revise it. Chapter 3 Getting the Most from Your Courses. 3. 1Syllabus.You need to understand the course requirement by denotation the syllabus given. Then, you e fficacy comment on the syllabus by get in the habit of apparent movementing course requirements so that you understand exactly what will be expected of you. You also might need understand the responsibility of attending class easily. You also need to ensure that you note the instructors name, the location of their office and their office hours. You also must know the nature of the examinations and the requirement on written work. You should request about the grading to know how your instructor evaluate your performance. Chapter 4 Getting To Know Your Instructors. . 1Knowing the academic station. There are a few instructor that the students need to know when they entering college like professor, assistant professor, lecturer and instructor. Excellent, good, average and bad teacher exist at every rank. What earns faculty promotion from one rank to another at research institution is professional activity usually in the form of research and publication. However, they become college teachers because their enjoy sharing their knowledge with others. 4. 2Asking question in class and out. In class, students must active to participate in question and answer sessions.You should not afraid to ask question to your lecturer. Under the lift out circumstances, an instructor will allow time for student question even in large lecture course. Your question can give an instructors clearer sense how well he or she is communicating essential concept and issue. You can also go to the her office during the regularly scheduled-office hours. 4. 3Seeking help. If you are having the gravel in a course, whether that trouble be related to understanding difficult concepts, to completing projects or adjusting to the social or quick-witted climate in the classroom, speak to the lecturer about it.One more thing dont afraid for ask an appointment and let instructor know what you do understand and bring up precisely where your trouble lies. Ask lecturer for advice about what else you can do beyond attending to his or her explanation. 4. 4Conferring with instructor. You should be aware of some ground rules for student-teacher conferences. First remember that you are see an instructor in his or her department office, as this will be the most likely meeting place. Second, be clear about how long the meeting will last. Third, make effective and efficient use your time with instructor.Fourth, observe rules of academic etiquette. Fifth, if you feel need for greater privacy, you can ask for it. 4. 5Choosing your instructor You can choose by the instructors official reputation. You can be guide by student course evaluation or go by hearsay. You can also meet the instructor yourself, request a syllabus and act on your impressions and instincts. You can ask about upcoming course, and you can rationalise your interested in the subject. Chapter 5 Learning About College Support Services. 5. 1Computer Labs. You will find the university computer lab an extremely important reso urce.If you know that you will be utilize the computer center to draft and revise your written assignments, find out from the staff not only when the center is open but also when it is use most heavily. If you have your own computer, find out how to link up with the university computer. Visit the computer lab for particular proposition information on using its facilities and services. 5. 2Language Labs. Youll need to know what restrictions may be put upon your use and what the sign up and sign in procedures may be. You can expect to find the spoken communication lab equipped with individual headphones and tape players.But you will also find the book, magazines, and newspaper in the languages taught at your college and perhaps in a few that or not. 5. 3Workshop, Tutorials, Lecturers. Most university or college offer workshop, tutorials, meetings, informal conference ofion in connection with much(prenominal) university resources as computer and language labs. As a student we must take advantage from this chance or facility provided by university to us as student. Use them properly and as a way to increase the reach of your college experience. 5. 4Club and Other Activities. Club membership can be an academic experience as well as a social one.It can also give you a chance to develop practical skill related to your study or your career ambitions. It provided you with a chance to relax and have fun with doing thing you enjoy. They can improve your skill and enrich your academic experience. 5. 5Career Planning. Find out what office handles career planning, job responsible and internships. Even though you may be a first year student, you should inquire about career planning services, and internship, for you might be surprised to learn about opportunities for which you qualify even now.You might bear useful advice about how to plan for your career from experienced and knowledgeable counselors. 5. 6Counseling and Support Service. Your college or university will offer many kind of support services, some of them more directly related to our academic concern. Perhaps you may be qualified to help provided services in one of these areas because of your background or experience. And you may discover that some of the services these additional university resources make available can make a difference not only in your overall college experience but in your academic performance and success as well. . 7Volunteer Organizations. Your school or college also offer opportunities for you do a volunteer work such as community services. Some university offer academic credit for various types of social action and volunteer action or work. Through volunteer work you can improve your faculty with a foreign language, develop your social conscience, enrich your spiritual sense of self. PART II DEVELOPING ACADEMIC trustfulness Chapter 6 Improving Study and Notetaking Skills. 6. 1Developing Notetaking Skills. 6. 1. 1Rules for Notetaking. The first rule for good notetaking is to be prepared.It involves the studying you do before class like subscribeing assigned chapters, doing exercises and also bringing the necessary tools to class whatever you need to take good notes. 6. 1. 2Finding a Place to Sit. Find a place in the classroom or lecture hall where you are comfor flurry and from which you can see and hear the instructor clearly. More closer to the front you are, more fewer distractions you will receive from other students. However, being in good spot enables you to concentrate better on classwork and makes notetaking easier. 6. 1. 3Listening Guidelines. You can improve your listening skills by following these guidelines.Firstly, you must lay down to listen for unexpected detail and the unusual examples, be a focused rather than a distracted listener, find ship canal to connect what is said with what you know, identify key points and supporting details, be an active rather than passive listener try to anticipate, ask question about any thing unclear and participate as much as you can. 6. 1. 4Attending to Handwriting. Strive to write clearly, if it slows you down. You may even wish to print in particular important information. If have serious problems with handwriting, you may able to use a notebook computer a tape recorder.If can, develop your own form of shorthand. Be consistent in your use of abbreviations and symbols so that you can remember subsequent what it stand for. 6. 1. 5Watching and Noticing. Watch you instructor closely. Nonverbal signs may be used to emphasize a point. If the instructor writes something on the board, be sure to write it down. Besides that, this also a way to be involved and attentive in class because your instructors expect you to pay attention to them. 6. 1. 6Participating in Class. Many classes require participation. You should try to participate as fully as possible.Ask question, respond to the instructor, comment further on coverion initiated by the instructor or by students. Y ou can stay on focus, take better note on the important aspects of class discussion. By discussion, have a greater chance to remember material enlivened especially if you participated actively. 6. 2Notetaking Techniques. 6. 2. 1It isnt necessary to write everything down. You may wish to use the Cornell Notetaking System by Walter Pauk of Cornell University. To use this method, draw a line down the page 2 inches or so from the left margin and draw a second line across the page 2 inches or so from the bottom.With your page shared out into three areas, you have space to record different kind of notes. Second one is by using a double-column notebook by Ann E. Berthoff, formerly of the University mama at Boston. You can simply divide page into two parts . 6. 2. 2There are also other notetaking strategies such as underlining. Underlining is a system of checkmarks or symbols in the margin of your text. You just underline important factual passage and highlight important ideas. 6. 2. 3An notating also is the notetaking strategies by putting brief annotations or notes in the margins.Marginal notations can be question, reactions, objections or symbols question marks ( ) to indicate places where the text confuses you. 6. 2. 4Some final suggestion for notetaking strategies is to organize both your class and reading notes, label and hear your notes, edit and revise your notes, separate your comments and observation from the ideas of your instructor. 6. 3Improving Study Skills. 6. 3. 1To best study is by finding a suitable study environment. For example, a desk or table with ample space for you to spread out your books, papers and notes. Good environment to study is a place free of distraction. 6. 3. You also need to mapping out a schedule of study time. Ideally, you should try study at times when you are most alert and do your work best. You must also negociate and allocate sufficient time to prepare for classes and reviewing notes. 6. 3. 3Before you start studying, yo u need to setting goals for studying. You need to have an idea of what you want to accomplish and how long you plan on studying to reach your goal. 6. 3. 4Other than that, you need to improve your understanding. First, you need to translate into your words what you recorded from your instructor. If you able to translate it, it show you really understand it.You must not forget to preview what are you studying before you start a chapter. Different with review, which you do it quickly when you finish studying. 6. 4Remembering what you have studied. 6. 4. 1The first principle of store is you cannot remember what you have not learned. The second is, be selective. You not be able to remember everything. And the third principle is associate what you are learning with what you already know. 6. 4. 2There are some time-honored techniques for you to remember details. First is mnemonics which memorize by linking them in easy-to-remember way.You may learned by create a rhythm. The second is by acronyms which means a word that made up of the first letters of a series of words. You can create your own one to help you remember sets of details and key concepts. Chapter 7 Taking Quizzes, Tests and Examinations. 7. 1Types of tests. Tests is a set of questions that when answered demonstrates how much or how little you know about the subject. Quizzes is a brief and cover a small amount of material perhaps the reading for a single class. An examination is a chance to redeem yourself if you are well prepared. 7. Preparing for Tests and Exams. Your long-term readying for tests and examinations includes faithful class attendance, careful class preparation, reviewing and notetaking. Your long-term preparation essentially includes everything you can and you should do in taking the course seriously. Your short-term preparation for tests can be vary widely. For a course in which you have been doing the work commendably all along, you may need no more than a once over lightly. 7. 3Study ing for Tests and Exams. What will enable you to use your study time effectively is by finding a comfortable place to study.Besides that, manage your time. If you study best in the morning, dont schedule your heaviest exam prep at night. You also need to set your goals for your study sessions. Try to accomplish something specific at each session. After accomplishing one of your goals, reward yourself. 7. 4Types of Question in Tests and Exams. First, there may be a true-false questions which needed you to mark first all the questions you are confident are true or false. Multiple-choice questions also are among the most difficult for students it often contain two apparently correct responses.Fill-in questions require you to complete a statement by introducing words or phrases that you supply yourself. And lastly, show questions. In this essay questions, you need to write an essay whether it short essay or long essay. Chapter 8 Reading with Understanding. 8. 1Developing an Ability to Read. Reading actively with you pen in hand, you can underlining, annotating and jotting notes. You also can reading reflectively by reading slowly and deliberately . Besides that, you can reading interpretively where you reading to understand.Lastly, reading evaluatively by reading to evaluate the persuasiveness of what you read. 8. 2Reading and Interpretation. You need to interpret to make sense of something. Besides that, in interpretations, you can making inferences. An inferences is a statement we make about what we dont know base on what we do know. Your inferences will lead you to an understanding of what you are reading 8. 3Reading and Imagination. When we read, we imagine a voice in our heads or a figure and parting behind the voice. Imagination leads you to think, shift perspectives, understand anothers point of view.Chapter 9 Developing Thinking Skills. 9. 1Comparing Creative and Logical Thinking. CREATIVE THINKING synthetic THINKING Puts things together and synthesi zing them Analyse thinking and taking them part Generates new ideas Develops and evaluates ideas that have already been formulated Explores many alternatives, it is unconcerned with being right in every particular Focus on finding a single answer and being right at each step of way Is inclusive, admitting all ideas no matter how trivial or outrageous they may seem Is selective, screening out and eliminating unpromising possibilities . 2Techniques of Creative Thinking. There are many ways to develop the major power to think creatively as establish a quota of alternatives. You can generate many alternatives as seem reasonable. In reversing relationship, you need to human activity something around and approach in from an opposite direction. This can spur you to think creatively. Besides that, creative thinking can be develop by denying the negatives. A poor idea may lead to better one. You also can asking question in order to thinking creatively because most productive kinds of quest ion lead to further theory. 9. Overcoming Obstacles to Creative Thinking. 9. 3. 1Perceptual Blocks. This block inhabit ability to make sense of what we are look at. They interfere with our thinking by blockade what we can see. To overcoming it, you need to learned how to see new things with patience, effort and practice observing and noticing. 9. 3. 2Cultural Blocks. This block may derive from your connection with particular ethnic, racial and intellectual traditions as well as from your class and gender. It blocks limit and inhibit thinking. To avoid this block, you need to recognize and acknowledge it and be aware of it. . 3. 3Intellectual Blocks. This blocks is a obstacle to knowledge. You also may lack the skill to express the ideas effectively. To break through an intellectual block, you need either to acquire additional information and you must use effective way, study, review and prepare yourself. 9. 3. 4Emotional Blocks. Occurs when feelings inhibit thinking. This include fears and anxieties. This lead inhibit your ability to speak your mind and impede your creativity. You have to overcome your aversion to whatever inhibits your thought and learn to tolerate ambiguity. 9. . 5Oppositional Blocks. Oppositional blocks result from polarizing, or setting up manually exclusive categories without providing a middle ground between them. Considering degree or extent pushes you to consider gradations and to make distinction can make you explore to be more critical thinker. Chapter 10 Becoming Familiar with Your College Library. 10. 1Uses of College Library. The subroutine library as a repository of information where you can find answers to every kind of question. Besides that, the library also as a general source which suitable to read and relax.Apart from that, library also is a great place to study. 10. 2Finding Books. 10. 2. 1 Accessing Books Using the Library Catalogue. You need to know using the online library catalogue. An integrated catalogue combine s author, cognomen and subject information in a single catalogue system arranged alphabetically. This the most efficient integrated catalogue. 10. 2. 2 Accessing Books Using Online Computerized Databases. Computerized databases will despatch your search for books and they provide enormous amounts of information quickly and easily. 10. 3Getting the Books.When you have identified the books location, you need to locate it on the shelf. To do this, follow the librarys key or map to its storage of books. Look along the shelf at the other titles, you may found something useful. If you have problem to looking books, you can help from library staff to glean information from experts. 10. 4Librarys Special Resources. Your university library will probably have other resources besides books and periodicals you may find helpful. These may include art, audio, video and special collection, government documents, CD-ROM Database, internet and online database.PART III LOOKING BEYOND THE FIRST YEAR Chapter 11 Choosing a Major and Planning a Course of Study. 11. 1Learning about Majors. Talk to professors in the field that seem promising by set up an appointment and ask also about the job prospects. You should visit the career services office and speak to a counselor about your interest. 11. 2Choosing a Major. Many baccalaureate programs require you to devote your first two years to a wide range of general subjects. Usually, a major concentration is organized by a specific academic department.Choose a major that you interest and pleasure to learn and how it can develop your critical and creative thinking skills. 11. 3Planning Your Major with an Advisor. Once you decide on a major or concentration, the first thing to do is seen advisor to review the colleges major requirement. It is to help you understand all departments requirement. Begin to discuss an overall plan for your college coursework. 11. 4Double and Minor Majors. You might consider taking a double major because it sep arates you from vast majority of students who will only have only one major.It also increase your option work and offer you unusual intellectual opportunity. You might taking minor because you want to increase the range and versatile of your academic program. 11. 5Independent Study. Offers you to work closely with a faculty member in designing, planning and pursuing course of study. It also offers you a chance to work intensively on a project of your own. To qualify for independent study, students often are required to achieved a particular GPA. Chapter 12 College As preparation for The Future. 12. College As Preparation for Work. College should provide you with the skills to perform competently in the workplace. What you learn at college should be useful and transferable to what you doing after graduation. 12. 2College As Preparation for Profesional Study. A preparation for a career in business. College is also to some extent a preparation for future study, whether that study be formal or informal, avocational or professional. It is also a simply way to encourage you to project beyond what you can see and know. 12. 3College As Preparation for Life.Many of challenges you face in college are mirrored by challenges you face beyond it. In college, you develop a sense of responsibility and independence so you can rely on it later. College is the place to discover these interests and to training them. DISCUSSION OF MAIN ISSUE. Part one concerns getting oriented academically. Meaning that, the student will making the academic adjustment to college by managing their time, getting the most of the courses, getting to know the instructors and learning about college support service. In this part, it explains how the college system works.Besides that, it also provide the tips on how you should spend your time. It also includes advice to working with instructors which focuses interaction between students and faculty inside and outside the classroom. This part also focu ses on a academic support service and on related curricular resources available at most schools. The second part of the book, provide tools about how to develop academic confidence in students. First we discuss about improving study and notetaking skills. It give how to reinforce the successful study habits and effective notetaking strategies.Then, we discuss about taking test and examinations. We found that, it describes different kinds of test and how to prepare for it effectively. Besides that, we also discuss about reading with understanding. Reading is important not merely for acquiring information but also in developing thinking skills, especially ability to analyze and interpret. In this chapter it focus more on various strategies for improving ability to think creatively. Lastly we discuss about becoming familiar with college or university library which gives us information to well used the library.In part three, the main issue is looking beyond the first year that discussin g on choosing a major and planning a course of study and college as preparation for the future. It provide us practical advice if we unsure about a choice of major. By choosing a major and planning a course of study advocates careful planning so that courses can be related rather than remaining as stranded islands of academic experience. Entering college or university is as the preparation for the students future which means preparation for work, preparation for professional study and lastly preparation for life.COMMENTS OF BOOK. We found that, How to break through in College can help students achieve good grades by providing some tips to success. We think that, How to Succeed in College also help students to acquire the confidence , competency and knowledge they need in order to maximize their learning potential. This book also help the student to understand how the college system work. This book also invites us to think seriously about why we attend college and what we will do th ere. All of us agree if the students read this book, they will more tend to think, write, talk and listen critically.In addition, we found that this book provide assumptions that a strong education is the best preparation for living and working in a complex world so that the generations can prepared themselves to facing new world. The book also focusing on practical methods to improve the student academic performance. In conclusion, we think the book well explain to us on how to achieve a good future by choosing the course that we want with addition tips and guidelines to success in college.

Brand Update: Cadbury Dairy Milk For Shubh Aarambh Essay

Cadburys Dairy Milk has recently launched a parvenu campaign Shubh Aarambh ( meaning Auspicious Beginning ). The campaign is the refined version of the primarily Payday campaign which evoked mixed response from the Ad analysts and consumers.The Shubh Aarambh campaign reinforces the cause based positioning of Dairy Milk. The brand has been trying to position itself as a symbol of enjoyment and celebrations. Indians have the tradition of sharing sweets on auspicious occasions and also when one initiates a venture/activity. Whether the activity is small kindred writing an exam or huge like starting a company, sharing of sweets is an integral part of the event. The belief is that good things happen when one starts a venture on a positive note ( like sharing sweets).Dairy Milk very cleverly captured this tradition and incorporated into its brand story. The new campaign takes the brand to the center of this tradition linking Dairy Milk to Sweet and Auspicious Beginning.While the previ ous PayDay campaign was a narrow interpretation of the occasion based positioning , Shubh Aarambh has given the brand a broad playing ground. In my opinion, the brand has hit upon a really great Big Idea. The notion is very much Indian and offers huge opportunity for creatives to weave great stories for the brand.Watch the launch ad here Shubh AarambhThe concept also gels with the brands tagline Kuchch Meetha Ho Jaye . The launch campaign is targeted at younger generation and hence the brand added a little humor and twist into the campaign.Shubh Aarambh is a great desire for this great brand. It will be interesting to see how Dairy Milk milks this idea to the fullest.

Deaf Articles Essay

3. Why Cant Deaf Experts Hear Us?a. What are the present Deaf issues?Some of the Deaf issues mentioned in the phrase are that that Deaf experts dont like the thought of Deaf children erudition to sign without voicing. They presuppose that each Deaf child should be learning Total Communication, but there is no evidence showing that Total Communication is the best way to educate Deaf kids. An opposite issue is that the lot at G solelyaudet tonus as if they are having to educate the educators about the need of American Sign Language in Deaf schools. Deaf people feel as if their culture is being attacked and is being weakened. The last main problem is that the so called Deaf experts study special education but none of them energize any personal own with Deaf people.These experts endorsing the programs dont key outen to the opinions of Deaf people, they only demand research and quote hearing people with Ph.D.s. b. From the article, list three important facts you learned from the w riter. I learned that the writer of this article is Deaf. I know this because at the beginning of the article he states, Some days I wonder if my Deafness is contagious. I keep writing and signing the same things over and over again. Another fact is that he has personal experience of trying to explain to educators the need for American Sign Language in the schools. When he talks about educating the educators, he explains that the powers just keep looking the other way. The last fact is that Jack Levesque feels as if the Deaf culture is being sort of taken away from them and is dying out. Why did you pick these facts?I picked the premier(prenominal) fact because by knowing that the writer is Deaf it helps you better understand the emotion and personal feeling behind each word. I picked the fact that he has tried to explain that they need ASL in schools because that is what he is writing about, the use of ASL not English to educate the Deaf. He has personal frustrations with no ASL in schools he is not simply relaying the message for other Deaf people. I chose the last fact because in reality, if you are forcing a different language than a inherent language on someone, you are stripping their culture away from them by not allowing them to just be themselves.This is a good point that he brings up and it saddens me that someone would even want to do that to another human. c. What are some observations or comments you have about the article? I wish that all of the Ph.D. experts in special education could just meet or talk to a few Deaf people and really get to know them. I think by doing this, they would realize how important Deaf culture and Sign Language really are to a Deaf person. I think this would change all the hearing peoples minds about forcing English onto Deaf people. It just isnt natural for them.d. What do you think of Bonnies Basss article?I think that the point that she brings up makes a lot of sense. Americans just assume that Sign Language is ju st like English, but it is not. The grammar is completely different and the syntax is completely different. It is sad that Deaf children are not pushed to learn American Sign Language right away when they find out they are Deaf. It doesnt make sense for kids to be tested on English when their native language should be Sign Language. That is like taking an English speaking assimilator and putting a Spanish test in front of them and expecting them to get high scores. This article makes a lot of sense and I wish that more(prenominal) hearing people would read it so they could better understand that the two languages are different.

“The impact of visitors is damaging the environment of Epping Forest

The impact of visitors is damaging the environment of Epping woodwind.I am deprivation to investigate through with(predicate) stunned this coursework, if this hypothesis is true. I entrust do this by using the three key questions stated below1. What be the cause of visitors on Epping Forest?2. How is the wood being managed, and what ar the effect of this management?3. How productive subscribe to the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors?* Epping Forest is on the urban rural fringe of S egressh East of London, in England. at that place is a main road passing game through Epping Forest on the A104 and on the m25. You sewer drive through on the A104 on Wan blank space or the m11 from Woodford and you can also catch the train from there. (The map above is taken from the website of Epping Forest (www.eppingforest.co.uk).Before 1878, they apply the forest to bury dead raft, timber, farming, hunting, see and camping. They also us ed to cut the trees e actually fifteen years to make them grow bigger and healthier. (Trees are still being cut nowadays) at that place are two shipway of cutting the trees Copping and Pollarding.CoppingThe above plot shows that the tree was cut from the bottom so that it can provide much stems and so it looks bigger.PollardingThe above diagram shows that the tree was cut from the top, so it can provide to a greater extent stems and looks much bigger.The day we went was genuinely wet, therefore it was very muddy as well as very cold. The view was beautiful, but the atmosphere felt a bit eerie to me after being told to be gondola careful of falling trees We were told that the trees were falling because they were acquire too old. Fishing, running, bike riding and feeding ducks (a great entertainment for little kids) is what attracts visitors most to Epping Forest. The forest is used for recreation by people walkwaying, admiring the beauty of nature, by going to the pubs, ridi ng horses, having picnics out in the sun and watching the gaga firework display (in October).On the day we went to the forest, we carried out a number of surveys (the surveys were carried out for us to find out more about Epping Forest). They were* Conversation and recreation* Management of the Epping Forest* valuation of public pressure impact* People and car countsConservation and recreation surveyIt was a bout recording the percentage of the species. We had to record the tallest plant in (cm). We also had to use the Epping Forests Tramping scale, to score a observe between(1-6) for each quadrat.Management of the Epping Forest surveyFor the management, we had to record the recreations scores and the environment scores using the be (3, 2, 1, 0,-1,-2,-3) for remain big moneys and redbreast detonating device commonality.Evaluation of public pressure for impact surveyIt was about the feature of trees (how well or bad they looked), we had to circle these numbers (3, 2, 1, 0, - 1, -2, -3) if it was positive or negative, we had to use these numbers for take a breather Mounds and robin redbreast lens hood Green.People and car counts surveyWe had to count how many cars, lorries and vans go into Epping Forest as well as leaving it. utilize my bear look for, I will be able to find out the answers to my 3 key questions. To do that I will be using school text books in the school library, central library, the internet and by seeking info from my teacher as well our surveys that we did when we went to Epping ForestKey Question 1 What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest?Visitors to Epping ForestCentre 1995.The highest amount of people that visited Epping Forest were 4023 in October 1878, this was because they visited throughout the summer and autumn, people went to pubs, ride horses, had picnics and watch the fantastic fire work display (in October). The least amount of visitors that visited Epping Forest were 739 people in December because, it was winter. The view was beautiful but the atmosphere was very cold.The effects of visitors on Epping ForrestVariety of Vegetation cover.(Quadrat survey)The divided bar graphs show that Robin cap Green has a greater variety of vegetation cover than catch ones breath Mounds. breathe Mounds however has fine snoop and more arrant(a) ground, than Robin Hood Green. This could be the reason for the vegetation differences.At Robin Hood Green there is less fine grass (49%) and more broad leaf grass (24%). The remaining area has bracken (1%), mass (6%), leaf litter (4%) bare ground (16%) and young tree (1%).There is a lot fine grass at Pillow Mounds, because it is more resistant to tramping. Broad leaf grass dies more easily with tramping, but it is allowed to flourish at Robin Hood Green where less people go.Public pressure evaluation surveyRobin Hood GreenPillow MoundsThe two bar graphs show that in both Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds natural features look beautiful. In Robin Hood Gre en there is not a lot of surface erosion, this is because there are few litter bins. The air pollution is clean. There is a lot of traffic. It is not noisy because, there are a few people. Also a lot of developments are taking place. In Pillow Mound there is erosion. The air pollution is clean, not a lot of traffic and there is also a huge amount of noise and people around. Few developments are also taking place.Tallest plantsRobin Hood Green Pillow MoundsI had found out the two tallest plants in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds while I was doing my variety of vegetation cover one of them was 20cm and the other one 30 cm.Key question2- How is the forest being managed and what are the effects of this management?It is important to manage the Epping Forest by the wooden pillars that are put up on the road side. This is very good because it will stop the cars from riding on the vegetation and damage the forest. In Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds there are bridle ways and voteless surface paths, which is also very good so we do not damage the forest by walking on its vegetation. There are signs in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds which shows information about whish direction to take. There are logs topers to stop cyclists because, cyclists damage the vegetation and fritting the horses. The gates that were skirt the visitors center were put there to make the visitors center look beautiful.Robin Hood Green recreation scorePillow Mounds recreation scoreThese two graphs show Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds Recreation score of the management. As I can see there are not a lot of people who super acid their cars on the road or through the forest this is because, there are ditches next to the jet so cars can not go through the forest. There is a lot of litter bins in Pillow Mounds but there are a few in Robin Hood Green this is because they want to decorate the forest with less bins I find that less litter bins are not good for the environment, because litter bins can get full easily and if someone wants to throw rubbish in it will fall on the ground creating more rubbish. There are by-law signs, so people know what is going on in the forest.There are horse riders in Pillow Mounds and Robin Hood Green which also modify the forest. That is because the horses walk into vegetation and also make erosion. The fences were put in Robin Hood Green and Pillow mounds because it would help the cattles to survive. The tea huts in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds are coloured green. This has a very good effect on the visitors, by making them feel that even if they go and have a cup of tea, they are still in the forest. It looks very good as if the tea huts are trees or plants that were not known before besides because of its colours. There is an information center, where visitors can ask and find out any help which they might need. Footpaths are there so we can walk on them instead of tramping on the vegetation.There are also toilets to execrate waste because if we use the forest as toilets, by then the forest will be damaged.Robin Hood Green Environment scorePillow Mounds Environment scoreThese two graphs show Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mound environment score of the management. As I can see most of the people park their cars on the road. There are ditches next to the car park so that the cars can go through the forest. There are litter bins to put litter in. People can find by-law signs, if they want to know what is going on in the forest. Horse riders step on vegetation and damage the forest. Fencing next to car park are there to stop cars going on the grass and through the forest. The tea huts are in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds so people can have tea. The information center is in the Epping Forest for visitors to get information about the forest. Footpaths are there so we can walk on them. There are toilets so we can execrate waste.Key question3How boffo have the management strategies been in protecting the fo rest from the impact of visitors?The best examples of the environment that had worked best were* Ditches next to the park because, it will stop the cars going through the forest and damage the vegetation.* The forest information center is for visitors who want to know more information about the Epping Forest.* afternoon tea huts are for people who want to drinking tea, and have some free time.* Footpaths are there so we can walk on them instead of tramping on the vegetation.The area of the forest that has been damaged is Pillow Mounds which I think was done on purpose so more people are attracted to Robin Hood Green. The way I found out this was because I did a soil compaction and the results were that Pillow Mounds is more damaged than Robin Hood Green realm compactionRobin Hood Green Pillow MoundsI had to do soil compaction in Robin Hood green and Pillow mounds. The diagram above shows the heist soil compaction in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds in centimeters.ConclusionThe Hy pothesis was the impact of visitors which damages the environment of Epping Forest.1. What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest?The effects of visitors is damaging the environment2. How is the forest being managed, and what are the effects of this management?The forest is being managed by running pubs and running tea huts, so that more money is provided.3. How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors?They have been very successful.Agree or disagree?I do fully agree with the hypothesis, the impact of visitors on Epping Forest does damage the environment, in many numbers of ways (which I have include in my answers for the key questions which I have used). The forest is now being well managed, so the environment of Epping Forest is on a lower floor safe hands.EvaluationMy commencement exercise survey was about Public pressure impact we had to use a worksheet and a pen. The equipment that we used were a quadrat 2*30ta pe. My moment survey was the management of Epping Forest we used a work sheet and a pen, which we used to adjoin our options in.My third survey public pressure impact, we used the work sheet and the pen, and we had to fill in our opinions.It was raining our worksheet got wet, so we had to hide it from the rain.My results might differ from those results which are obtained at a divergent time of the day, or at a different time of the year this is because different people are found at different times.We can try and make the results as fair as possible, by going to Epping Forest once a week or once a month, our overall average results differ from our own results because using a quadrat makes it pretty different. For example I might put the quadrat slightly in a different place or in a different way.To get a clear idea about the forest, we can stay there for more time and find out more research about the forest or we can ask many people who work there or visits.The part where my work went very well in was the public pressure impact survey and management of Epping Forest because we had to use our own opinions.I will make the forest better if I had more time and more people helping me, by building hotels out of wood which is from the Epping forest trees, so the colour of the hotel is suited to the forest, this might have a great effect on the visitors because they would feel as if they are in a very different place where everything looks a lot alike.Key question3How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors?The best examples of the environment that had worked best were* Ditches next to the park because, it will stop the cars going through the forest and damage the vegetation.* The forest information center is for visitors who want to know more information about the Epping Forest.* Tea huts are for people who want to drink tea, and have some free time.* Footpaths are there so we can walk on them instead of tramping on the vegetation.The area of the forest that has been damaged is Pillow Mounds which I think was done on purpose so more people are attracted to Robin Hood Green. The way I found out this was because I did a soil compaction and the results were that Pillow Mounds is more damaged than Robin Hood Green.Soil compactionRobin Hood Green Pillow MoundsI had to do soil compaction in Robin Hood green and Pillow mounds. The diagram above shows the heist soil compaction in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds in centimeters.ConclusionThe Hypothesis was The impact of visitors is damaging the environment of Epping Forest.4. What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest?The effects of visitors is damaging the environment5. How is the forest being managed, and what are the effects of this management?The forest is being managed by running pubs and running tea huts, so that more money is provided.6. How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impa ct of visitors?They have been very successful. A lot of developments took place.Agree or disagree?I do fully agree with the hypothesis, the impact of visitors on Epping Forest does damage the environment, in many numbers of ways (which I have included in my answers for the key questions which I have used). The forest is now being well managed, so the environment of Epping Forest is under safe hands.EvaluationMy first survey was about Public pressure impact we had to use a worksheet and a pen. The equipment that we used were a quadrat 2*30tape. My second survey was the management of Epping Forest we used a work sheet and a pen, which we used to fill our options in.My third survey public pressure impact, we used the work sheet and the pen, and we had to fill in our opinions.It was raining our worksheet got wet, so we had to hide it from the rain.My results might differ from those results which are obtained at a different time of the day, or at a different time of the year this is beca use different people are found at different times.We can try and make the results as fair as possible, by going to Epping Forest once a week or once a month, our overall average results differ from our own results because using a quadrat makes it slightly different. For example I might put the quadrat slightly in a different place or in a different way.To get a clear idea about the forest, we can stay there for more time and find out more research about the forest or we can ask many people who work there or visits. We can also just observe the people there where they put the rubbish, where they walk and all sorts of questions.The part where my work went very well in was the public pressure impact survey and management of Epping Forest because we had to use our own opinions.I will make the forest better if I had more time and more people helping me, by building hotels out of wood which is from the Epping forest trees, so the colour of the hotel is suited to the forest, this might hav e a great effect on the visitors because they would feel as if they are in a very different place where everything looks a lot alike.